Comentario sobre Baba Batra 1:1
הַשֻּׁתָּפִין שֶׁרָצוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת מְחִצָּה בֶּחָצֵר, בּוֹנִין אֶת הַכֹּתֶל בָּאֶמְצַע. מְקוֹם שֶׁנָּהֲגוּ לִבְנוֹת גָּוִיל, גָּזִית, כְּפִיסִין, לְבֵנִים, בּוֹנִים, הַכֹּל כְּמִנְהַג הַמְּדִינָה. בְּגָוִיל, זֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן שְׁלֹשָׁה טְפָחִים. בְּגָזִית, זֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם וּמֶחֱצָה, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם וּמֶחֱצָה. בִּכְפִיסִין, זֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טְפָחַיִם. בִּלְבֵנִים, זֶה נוֹתֵן טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה, וְזֶה נוֹתֵן טֶפַח וּמֶחֱצָה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נָפַל הַכֹּתֶל, הַמָּקוֹם וְהָאֲבָנִים שֶׁל שְׁנֵיהֶם:
Si los socios desean hacer una partición en un patio, construyen el muro en el medio. [El "patio" aquí es uno para el cual no hay ley de partición, no hay cuatro codos para cada uno de los socios, por lo que tenemos "si lo desean", es decir, es solo si ambos lo desean que lo hacen, pero uno no puede obligar al otro a hacerlo. Porque en un patio sujeto a la ley de partición, cada uno puede obligar a su vecino a dividirse. Y ahora estamos siendo informados de que, dado que deseaban dividirse y cada uno se apropió de la sección que le habían otorgado de mutuo acuerdo, construyeron el muro en el medio, y cada uno proporcionó desde su sección la mitad del espacio del grosor del muro.] En un lugar donde era costumbre construir con piedras no recortadas, piedras cepilladas, listones, [la mitad (el ancho) de un ladrillo, una y media extensiones de mano a las tres extensiones de mano de un ladrillo], o ladrillos, lo hacen—todo de acuerdo con la costumbre de la tierra ["todos", para incluir un lugar donde era costumbre hacer una partición con brotes de vid y ramas de árboles. Se sigue la costumbre de la tierra siempre que la partición sea lo suficientemente gruesa para evitar que cada uno mire en el dominio de su vecino, ya que el "daño de observación" se llama daño. Y la altura de la pared o la partición no puede ser inferior a cuatro codos.] Para (una partición de) piedra no recortada, cada uno proporciona tres anchos de mano. Para las piedras cepilladas, cada una proporciona dos y medio anchos de mano. [Un muro de piedras sin cortar requiere un ancho de mano más que un muro de piedras cepilladas para permitir cabezas de piedra ásperas y salientes.] Para los listones, cada uno proporciona dos anchos de mano. Para los ladrillos, cada uno proporciona una anchura de mano y media. [Una pared de listones es una anchura de mano más gruesa que una pared de ladrillos, ya que se coloca una malla a cada lado, tres extensiones de mano y una anchura de mano (se deja) en el medio, donde se coloca arcilla para unirlas. El grosor de una pared de ladrillos es el de un ladrillo entero, tres anchos de mano, no se requiere arcilla en el medio.] Por lo tanto, si la pared se cae, el espacio y las piedras pertenecen a ambos. [Por la presente, se nos informa que incluso si las piedras cayeron en el dominio de uno de ellos, o si uno de ellos se adelantó y las despejó en su dominio—Podría pensar que "la carga de la prueba recae sobre aquel que exigiría (pago) de su vecino"; Por lo tanto, se nos informa lo contrario.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
The first mishnah of Bava Batra deal with neighbors who share a courtyard. The mishnah is concerned with the building of a wall to separate the neighbors and with the ability of one neighbor to force the other neighbor to share the costs of building the wall.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
1) If two partners wish to make a partition in a courtyard they build the wall in the middle.
2) In a place where the custom is to build of unshaped stones, or of hewn stones, or of half-bricks, or of whole bricks, so they should build it—everything is according to local custom.
a) [If the wall is made of] unshaped stones this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths.
b) [If the wall is made of] hewn stones this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
c) [If the wall is made of] half-bricks this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths.
d) [If the wall is made of] whole bricks this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
In the time of the mishnah most homes did not have openings to the street but rather would open onto a common courtyard. The courtyard was used for all sorts of purposes and was the common property of the owners of the houses surrounding it. Our mishnah states that if the two partners wish to build a wall separating the courtyard they should build the wall in the middle and when they do, they should build the wall with the materials customary used in their place. There are four kinds of building materials mentioned in the mishnah, and the mishnah lists each one.
Clauses 2a through 2d all state how much of a person’s property he should allocate for the thickness of the wall. This space will depend on the thickness of the building materials. Unshaped stones are (on average) 6 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner must allocate three handbreadths of his property for the building of the wall. Hewn stones are only 3 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. A whole brick is 3 handbreadths wide, and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. Half bricks are one and half handbreadths wide. In order to make a wall with them they would use two half-bricks, placing mortar in between the two. The total width of the wall would be four handbreadths, and therefore each partner would allocate two handbreadths.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra
English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra
• Mishnah one: If one partner wished to build with half-bricks and one partner with whole bricks, and the custom of the land was to use hewn stone, what type of wall should they build?
• What laws in modern society are similar to these types of laws? How are they different?
If two partners wish to make a partition in a courtyard they build the wall in the middle.
In a place where the custom is to build of unshaped stones, or of hewn stones, or of half-bricks, or of whole bricks, so they should build it everything is according to local custom. [If the wall is made of] unshaped stones this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] three handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] hewn stones this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] half-bricks this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] two handbreadths. [If the wall is made of] whole bricks this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths, and this one supplies [from his property] one and a half handbreadths.
The first mishnah of Bava Batra deal with neighbors who share a courtyard. The mishnah is concerned with the building of a wall to separate the neighbors and with the ability of one neighbor to force the other neighbor to share the costs of building the wall.
In the time of the mishnah most homes did not have openings to the street but rather would open onto a common courtyard. The courtyard was used for all sorts of purposes and was the common property of the owners of the houses surrounding it. Our mishnah states that if the two partners wish to build a wall separating the courtyard they should build the wall in the middle and when they do, they should build the wall with the materials customary used in their place. There are four kinds of building materials mentioned in the mishnah, and the mishnah lists each one.
Clauses 2a through 2d all state how much of a person’s property he should allocate for the thickness of the wall. This space will depend on the thickness of the building materials. Unshaped stones are (on average) 6 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner must allocate three handbreadths of his property for the building of the wall. Hewn stones are only 3 handbreadths wide and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. A whole brick is 3 handbreadths wide, and therefore each partner allocates one and a half handbreadths. Half bricks are one and half handbreadths wide. In order to make a wall with them they would use two half-bricks, placing mortar in between the two. The total width of the wall would be four handbreadths, and therefore each partner would allocate two handbreadths.